setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); } catch (PDOException $e) { die("Database Connection Failed: " . $e->getMessage()); } // Global helper function if needed, but we can just use $pdo function getDB() { global $pdo; return $pdo; }