PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, ]); } catch (PDOException $e) { // Special handling: If database not found, try connecting without DB name // This is useful for the installer script to create the DB if ($e->getCode() == 1049) { // Unknown database $dsn_no_db = 'mysql:host='.DB_HOST.';charset=utf8mb4'; try { $pdo = new PDO($dsn_no_db, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [ PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, ]); } catch (PDOException $ex) { die("Database connection failed: " . $ex->getMessage()); } } else { die("Database connection failed: " . $e->getMessage()); } } } return $pdo; }