prepare('SELECT id FROM roles WHERE name = ?'); $stmt->execute([$name]); if ($stmt->fetch()) { $error_message = 'A role with this name already exists.'; } else { $sql = "INSERT INTO roles (name) VALUES (?)"; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute([$name]); header("Location: roles.php?success=role_added"); exit; } } catch (PDOException $e) { $error_message = 'Database error: ' . $e->getMessage(); } } } ?>