prepare('SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name = ?'); $stmt->execute([$name]); if ($stmt->fetch()) { $error_message = 'A category with this name already exists.'; } else { $sql = "INSERT INTO categories (name) VALUES (?)"; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute([$name]); header("Location: categories.php?success=category_added"); exit; } } catch (PDOException $e) { $error_message = 'Database error: ' . $e->getMessage(); } } } ?>