setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $pdo->exec("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `" . DB_NAME . "` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci"); echo "Database '" . DB_NAME . "' created or already exists." . PHP_EOL; } catch (PDOException $e) { die("Database creation failed: " . $e->getMessage()); }