PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, ]); } catch (PDOException $e) { if ($e->getCode() === 1049) { // Database doesn't exist try { $tempPdo = new PDO('mysql:host='.DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS, [ PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION ]); $tempPdo->exec('CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `'.DB_NAME.'` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;'); // Reconnect to the newly created database $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host='.DB_HOST.';dbname='.DB_NAME.';charset=utf8mb4', DB_USER, DB_PASS, [ PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, ]); } catch (PDOException $creationException) { // If creation fails, re-throw the original exception throw $e; } } else { throw $e; } } return $pdo; }